home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03604}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy}
- $Subject{Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy CIDP
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Dejerine-Sottas Disease Friedreich's Ataxia
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome Multiple Sclerosis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 903:
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Chronic Inflammatory
- Demyelinating Polyneuropathy) is not the name you expected. Please check the
- SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered
- by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- CIDP
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- Dejerine-Sottas Disease
- Friedreich's Ataxia
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Multiple Sclerosis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare
- disorder in which there is swelling of nerve roots and destruction of the
- covering (myelin sheath) over the nerves. This causes weakness, paralysis
- and/or impairment in motor function, especially of the limbs. Sensory loss
- may also be present causing numbness, tingling, or prickling. The motor and
- sensory impairments are usually symmetrical (on both sides of the body), and
- the degree of severity can vary. The course of CIDP may also vary. Some
- patients may follow a slow steady pattern of symptoms while others may have
- symptoms that wax and wane with the most severe symptoms occuring after many
- months or a year or more. One feature that distinguishes this disorder from
- other similar disorders is that there is typically no preceding viral
- infection at least three months prior to the appearance of the disorder, and
- no family history of other similar disorders or polyneuropathy.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a disorder in
- which there is swelling of nerve roots destroying the covering (myelin
- sheath) of nerves. Typically there has been no preceding viral infection for
- at least three months prior to the appearance of CIDP.
-
- Nerve signals become altered causing impairment in motor function and/or
- abnormal or loss of sensation. The course of CIDP as well as the severity of
- impairment can vary from patient to patient. In some patients the disorder
- may progress slowly while others may have symptoms that worsen, get better,
- then reoccur. In some people the disorder becomes more obvious and/or severe
- as it progresses over many months.
-
- Symptoms of CIDP may be: burning, numbness and/or tingling of the hands
- and feet or arms and legs; weakened or absent reflexes; facial weakness; weak
- arms and/or legs; paralysis of the arms and/or legs; weakness of the muscles
- between the ribs; respiratory problems; loss of feeling; and/or difficulty in
- walking.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy is not
- known. It is thought that a defect in the immune system may be the cause but
- this has not yet been proven.
-
- Autoimmune disorders occur when the body's natural defenses (antibodies,
- lymphocytes, etc.), against invading organisms suddenly begin to attack
- perfectly healthy tissue. The cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy is a very rare disorder
- that can affect any age group and the onset of the disorder may begin during
- any decade of life.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Chronic
- Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. Comparisons may be useful for a
- differential diagnosis:
-
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is a hereditary neurological disorder,
- characterized by weakness and atrophy primarily, in the legs. Disappearance
- of the fatty shield surrounding the peripheral nerves (segmental
- demyelination), and associated degeneration of part of the nerve cells,
- characterize this disorder. Initial symptoms may appear between middle
- childhood and the age of thirty. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease may be
- inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked trait.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Dejerine-Sottas Disease is a hereditary neurological disorder which
- progressively affects mobility. Peripheral nerves become enlarged or
- thickened causing an irregular progression of muscle weakness. Pain,
- weakness, numbness, and a tingling, prickling or burning sensation can occur
- in the legs of patients with this disorder. Dejerine-Sottas Disease is
- inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Dejerine-Sottas Disease" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Friedreich's Ataxia is a hereditary neuromuscular syndrome characterized
- by slow degenerative changes of the spinal chord and brain. Dysfunction of
- the central nervous system affects coordination of the muscles in the limbs.
- Speech can be affected and numbness or weakness of the arms and legs may
- develop. Various transitional and overlapping forms of Friedreich's Ataxia
- can occur. In a few cases, spontaneous remission may occur which can last
- five to ten years or sometimes longer. This disorder usually begins in
- childhood or the teen years. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Freidreich's Ataxia" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome occurs when the body's defense system attacks the
- nerves. Weakness and paralysis of the muscles of the legs, arms, and other
- parts of the body along with abnormal sensations may occur. This disorder is
- very similar to Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy but the
- course of the disorder begins quickly, is intense and then slows down
- becoming stationary with a slow recovery. Unlike CIDP, patients with
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome rarely have signs of sensory loss. About half of the
- patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome have had a viral infection prior the
- disorder. The disease has also occurred following seemingly unrelated
- events, i.e., swine flu injections, surgery, insect stings, or a disorder of
- the nervous system and skin (porphyria). (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Guillain-Barre Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord
- (central nervous system) which may be progressive, relapsing and remitting,
- or stable. The pathology of MS consists of small lesions called plaques that
- may form randomly throughout the brain and spinal cord. These patches
- prevent proper transmission of nervous system signals and thus result in a
- variety of neurological symptoms. (For more information on this disorder
- choose "Multiple Sclerosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy can be difficult to
- diagnose. The symptoms must be present for at least a month and typically
- there is no preceding ailment. Extensive destruction of the covering (myelin
- sheath) of peripheral nerves is present. The reflexes of the tendons may be
- absent or reduced and the progression of the disorder may vary from a slow,
- gradual onset eventually waxing and waning to a course where the disorder
- becomes more obvious and severe as it progresses. Motor and sensory loss is
- present in patients with CIDP and there typically is no family history of a
- related disease.
-
- Glucocorticoid drugs have had some affect in treating patients with CIDP
- but often the side affects deter long-term therapy. Intravenous
- Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is often used as a treatment for Chronic Inflammatory
- Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. IVIG can enhance the immune system. Very high
- doses are usually used for initial treatment of CIDP.
-
- Other drugs which alter the immune system such as Azathioprine and
- Cyclophosphamide have been beneficial to some patients.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Plasmapheresis may be of benefit in some cases of CIDP. This procedure is a
- method for removing unwanted substances (toxins, metabolic substances and
- plasma parts) from the blood. Blood is removed from the patient and blood
- cells are separated from plasma. The patient's plasma is then replaced with
- other human plasma and the blood is transfused back into the patient. This
- therapy is still under investigation to analyze long-term side effects and
- effectiveness. More research is needed before plasmapheresis can be
- recommended for use in all but the most severe cases of CIDP.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy,
- please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 19th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1990. Pp. 2262.
-
- HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY
- DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY: J.M. Faed, FRCPA, et al.; Neurology (1989,
- issue 39). Pp.422-25.
-
- CONSENSUS STATEMENT-NIH CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE: CHRONIC
- INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY: May 21-23, 1990, Volume 8, Number
- 5.
-
- THE MAYO CLINIC EXPERIENCE WITH PLASMA EXCHANGE IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY-
- DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY: P.J. Dyck, et al.; Prog Clin Biol Res (1982,
- issue 106). Pp. 197-204.
-
-